In Matthew 23, Jesus is speaking publicly in Jerusalem during the final week before His arrest. He is addressing the crowds and His disciples, but His words are aimed directly at the religious leaders of the time—the scribes and Pharisees. These men were highly respected for their knowledge of the Law of Moses and for their strict outward obedience. They were known for carefully following detailed religious rules, especially those that could be seen and measured, such as fasting, public prayer, and tithing even the smallest household herbs.

The specific mention of mint, anise, and cumin reflects how far this attention to detail had gone. These were common garden spices, inexpensive and small, yet the Pharisees meticulously counted and tithed them to demonstrate obedience. While this practice was not wrong in itself, Jesus pointed out that their focus on minor regulations had come at the expense of far more important responsibilities—justice toward others, mercy for those in need, and faithfulness of heart. In other words, they were keeping the letter of the law while neglecting its spirit.

Jesus’ rebuke was not a rejection of discipline or obedience, but a call for balance and integrity. He acknowledged that careful practices had their place, but insisted they should never replace compassion, fairness, and genuine devotion. Matthew 23:23 exposes a deeper problem: religious performance without transformed character. It serves as a warning that devotion measured only by outward acts can miss the very heart of what God desires.